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The Silk Road (Chinese: 絲綢 № 趢; Kazakh: יرлы Жібекжолы; Persian: جاده ابر stretching רم; Italian: Via della seta) was a network of Eurasian trade routes that were active from the 2nd century BC to the middle of the 15th century BC. [1] Over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles), it played a central role in promoting economic, cultural, political and religious interactions between East and West. [2] [3] [4] First created in the late 19th century, the name "Silk Road" is a more accurate representation of the complex land and sea routes that connect the Indian subcontinents East and Southeast Asia. In support of, it is no longer used by modern historians. Central Asia, Middle East, East Africa, Europe. [1] The name of the Silk Road comes from the very lucrative trade of silk fabrics produced almost exclusively in China. The network began around 114 BC when the Han dynasty expanded into Central Asia. The Empire's envoy, Zhang Qian, was asked to explore unknown lands beyond the region in search of potential trading partners and allies. [5] The information and goods gathered by these expeditions aroused China's intriguing, formal diplomatic and commercial dispatch, protected routes with soldiers, and encouraged efforts to extend the Great Wall of China. .. The expansion of the Parthian Empire from eastern Anatolia to Afghanistan provided a bridge between East Africa and the Mediterranean, especially the early Roman Empire. By the early 1st century AD, Chinese silk was widely sought after in Rome, Egypt and Greece. [1] Other lucrative commodities from the east included tea, dyes, perfumes and porcelain. Western exports included horses, camels, honey, wine and gold. Aside from creating significant wealth for the emerging merchant class, the proliferation of commodities such as paper and gunpowder has significantly changed the trajectory of various areas, if not world history. The Silk Road has withstood a number of empires and several major disasters, including the plague and the conquest of Mongolia, in its approximately 1,500-year history. After these disasters, the Silk Road often emerged stronger than before, including after the Mongol Empire and its sect, the Yuan dynasty. As a highly decentralized network, security was sparse. Travelers were faced with the constant threat of bandits and nomadic assailants and the long stretch of terrain that kept them away. Few people crossed the entire Silk Road. Instead, it relied on a series of middlemen based at various stops along the way. The Silk Road trade played an important role in opening political and economic relations between China, South Korea, [7] Japan, [3] India, Iran, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia. [8] In addition to commodities, the network facilitated the exchange of unprecedented ideas, religions (especially Buddhism), philosophy and scientific discoveries. Many of these were synchronized or reshaped by the societies that encountered them. [9] Similarly, migrants, refugees, missionaries, craftsmen, diplomats, soldiers, and many others used this route. Diseases such as plague can also spread along the Silk Road and contribute to plague. [Ten] Despite many geopolitical changes and turmoil, the Silk Road abruptly ended with the rise of the Ottoman Empire in 1453, and east-west trade was cut off almost immediately. This prompted Europe's efforts to seek alternative routes to eastern wealth, thereby leading the enhanced process of the Age of Discovery, European colonialism, and undoubtedly the globalization that began on the Silk Road. .. The influence of networks will last until the 21st century. One of the most famous historical figures in the world, Marco Polo was a medieval Venetian merchant and one of the earliest Westerners to visit and explain to the Orient. The name "New Silk Road" is used to describe some large infrastructure projects that are trying to expand transportation through many of the historic trade routes. The best known are the Eurasian Land Bridge and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in China. In June 2014, UNESCO designated the Chang'an Tianshan Corridor on the Silk Road as a World Heritage Site, but the Indian part is registered as a Tentative World Heritage Site.

INTO JAPANESE

シルクロードは趢、紀元前絲綢2世紀からיر紀元前15世紀半ばجاده ابرまでרم活発に活動したユーラシア貿易ルートのネットワークでした。[1] 6400キロメートル（ 4,000マイル）を超えて、経済発展の中心的役割を果たしました。

BACK INTO ENGLISH

The Silk Road was anרم active network of Eurasian trade routes from the second centuryיر BCجاده ابرto the middle of the 15th century BC. [1] Over 6400 kilometers (4,000 miles), it played a central role in economic development.

INTO JAPANESE

シルクロードは、紀元前2世紀からיر紀元前15世紀半ばجاده ابرまでרم活発なユーラシア貿易ルートのネットワークでした。[1] 6400キロメートル（ 4,000マイル）を超え、経済発展の中心的役割を果たしました。

BACK INTO ENGLISH

The Silk Road was anרم active network of Eurasian trade routes from the 2nd centuryיر BCجاده ابرto the middle of the 15th century BC. [1] Over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles), it played a central role in economic development.

INTO JAPANESE

シルクロードは、紀元前2世紀からיر紀元前15世紀半ばجاده ابرまでרم活発なユーラシア貿易ルートのネットワークでした。[1] 6400キロメートル（ 4,000マイル）を超え、経済発展の中心的役割を果たしました。

BACK INTO ENGLISH

The Silk Road was anרم active network of Eurasian trade routes from the 2nd centuryיر BCجاده ابرto the middle of the 15th century BC. [1] Over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles), it played a central role in economic development.