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Science Project Acid Rain Acid rain is caused by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide mixing with the water in the clouds. Non-Metal Compounds Sulphur + oxygen > sulphur dioxide Nitrogen + oxygen > nitrogen oxide Or S + O > SO2 N + O > NO2 Acid Rain Sulphur dioxide + water > sulphuric acid Nitrogen oxide + water > nitric acid Or SO2 + H2O > H2SO3 NO2 + H2O > H2NO3 Acid rain is also naturally acidic due to the carbon emissions from volcanic eruptions or lightning strikes. When cars or factories start working, they produce carbon emissions and other chemicals like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. When these react with the water in the clouds, they become acidic because of the acidity already in the emissions. Therefore, the more said chemicals we generate, the more acidic the water will get. This acid rain is more destructive then we think, it can kill plants and turn lake water acidic as well. It can even erode limestone buildings due to a chemical in the rock called calcium carbonate which reacts with such acids. We, humans, have noticed this. Therefore, we invented sulphur scrubbers and catalytic converters, which are filters for polluting chemicals which will stop the emissions before it exits the exhaust pipe or the factory. But it doesn’t just affect us, because simply the chemicals are in gas form, it can be blown to another location by the wind. There have been reports of USA smog seen over the regions of Asia which has sparked an anger across nations. Smog Smog is almost the same thing as acid rain, but when the pollutants get heated in the fine air particles, they can form a type of gas called smog. One of the main components of smog is obviously sulphur dioxide. In normal concentrations, it is not deadly, but with the chemically changed acid pollutants, it can be. Next is particulate matter, this can be found in solid and liquid forms, sometimes gas as well. Why are these gases deadly? Because particulate matter can pierce the respiratory tract which can cause severe health problems, and sulphur dioxide contributes to a significant proportion of these particles. The UK has announced that because of this, they are going to launch the low emissions zone in September 7 2020 which will have vehicles to meet a low emission standard before driving on the road. If you are non-compliant, you will face a daily charge of £12-£100. Monitoring Pollution If you are going to test for acid rain, you can use the PH of surrounding water for a good example. When you test for PH in water, you usually expect for it to be PH7 which means it is completely neutral. However, if it says that it is a PH of 6 or lower, it means that there is an acidity in the water hence acid rain. Also, you can test for pollution with animals. Lichens are a special plant that grows in exposed places like rock or tree bark, therefore, they need to be good at absorbing rainwater to keep themselves alive. When air pollutants get dissolved in the rainwater in which lichens absorb, it can kill the plant quite easily. So, scientists use the population of lichens to know If there are any pollutants in the area, for example, the lower the population of lichens, the more air pollutants, and vice versa. For water pollutants, you will need to study the absence or presence of different species in a body of water. For example, this table shows the level of pollutants in water and the species that live in that specific area. level of water pollution indicator species clean mayfly larva low freshwater shrimp high water louse very high rat-tailed maggot, sludge worm But if the animal is tolerant to pollution, it can still be affected by their food web. For example, if the Mayfly larva in a body of water is wiped out due to the water pollution, it can affect the number of frogs or toads because of the lack of food that is left for them. There is also something called a biotic index to study the pollutant levels in a body of water. This is when they sort the invertebrates into categories of similar looks, then they look at a tolerance poster to determine the tolerance that invertebrate has, in which then they give a site score based on the population of the insects in a sample. This is why we need to look after our environment by needing to monitor the pollutants that we give off when making new products. The reason why is because pollutants are dissolved in the rainwater or air, therefore it becomes acid rain which destroys the plants and lakes, therefore destroying our resources, hence why you then realise you no longer have enough resources to produce enough products. Global Warming Greenhouse gases are compounds in the air that are gaseous and can hold heat in the atmosphere as well as absorb infrared radiation. There is scientific evidence for this, one of the samples are that carbon dioxide levels (which is a greenhouse gas) has been escalating rapidly since 1950. There are also other pieces of evidence out there like rising of sea levels and melting ice in the artic.

INTO JAPANESE

科学プロジェクト酸性雨酸性雨は、雲の中で水と混合硫黄二酸化炭素や窒素酸化物によって引き起こされます。 禁煙金属化合物硫黄 + 酸素 > 硫黄二酸化窒素 + 酸素 > 窒素酸化物または S + O > SO2 N + O > 二酸化窒素 NO2 酸性雨 + 水 > 硫酸酸性窒素酸化物 + 水 > 硝酸酸や SO2 + H2O > H2SO3 なし

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Science Project acid rain acid rain is caused by water and mixing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the clouds. Non-metallic compounds sulphur + oxygen > sulphur dioxide nitrogen d. oxygen > nitrogen oxides or S+O > so N+O > acid + water NO2 nitrogen dioxide > sulfuric acid nitrogen oxide + water > nitrate

INTO JAPANESE

科学プロジェクト酸性雨の酸の雨による水の二酸化硫黄と窒素の混合酸化物雲の中。非金属化合物硫黄 + 酸素 > 二酸化窒素 d. 酸素を硫黄 > 窒素酸化物または S + O > そう N + O > 酸 + 水二酸化窒素 NO2 > 硫酸酸性窒素酸化物 + 水 > 硝酸

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In water science project acid rain acid rain sulphur and nitrogen mixed oxide clouds. Non-metallic compounds sulphur + oxygen > dioxide nitrogen d. oxygen and sulfur > nitric oxide or S+O > so N+O > acid + water nitrogen dioxide NO2 > sulfuric acid nitrogen oxide + water > nitrate

INTO JAPANESE

水科学プロジェクト酸性雨酸性雨硫黄と窒素酸化物の雲を混合しました。非金属化合物硫黄 + 酸素 > 二酸化窒素 d. 酸素および硫黄 > 一酸化窒素または S + O > そう N + O > 酸 + 水二酸化窒素 NO2 > 硫酸酸性窒素酸化物 + 水 > 硝酸

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Mixed with clouds of water science project acid rain acid rain sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Non-metallic compounds sulphur + oxygen > nitrogen d. carbon and sulfur > nitric oxide or S+O > so N+O > acid + water nitrogen dioxide NO2 > sulfuric acid nitrogen oxide + water > nitrate

INTO JAPANESE

水科学プロジェクト酸性雨酸性雨硫黄および窒素酸化物の雲と混合されます。非金属化合物硫黄 + 酸素 > 窒素 d. 炭素・硫黄 > 一酸化窒素または S + O > そう N + O > 酸 + 水二酸化窒素 NO2 > 硫酸酸性窒素酸化物 + 水 > 硝酸

BACK INTO ENGLISH

Will be mixed with clouds of water science project acid rain acid rain sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Non-metallic compounds sulphur + oxygen > nitrogen d. carbon and sulfur > nitric oxide or S+O > so N+O > acid + water nitrogen dioxide NO2 > sulfuric acid nitrogen oxide + water > nitrate

INTO JAPANESE

水科学プロジェクト酸性雨酸性雨硫黄および窒素酸化物の雲と混合されます。非金属化合物硫黄 + 酸素 > 窒素 d. 炭素・硫黄 > 一酸化窒素または S + O > そう N + O > 酸 + 水二酸化窒素 NO2 > 硫酸酸性窒素酸化物 + 水 > 硝酸

BACK INTO ENGLISH

Will be mixed with clouds of water science project acid rain acid rain sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Non-metallic compounds sulphur + oxygen > nitrogen d. carbon and sulfur > nitric oxide or S+O > so N+O > acid + water nitrogen dioxide NO2 > sulfuric acid nitrogen oxide + water > nitrate