YOU SAID:

8/20 Module 1.3 Columbian Exchange Plants, animals, people, ideas, resources from africa, europe, and the americas, and occasionally diseases. Caused the 4 atlantic-bordering continents to trade a lot, affecting the environments of those continents. America provided Europeans with nutrient-rich food, such as maize, tomatoes, and potatoes Also exposed them to tobacco and cacao Europe and Africa sent rice, wheat, rye, oats, soybeans, lemons, and oranges Eastern civilization crops changed America forever, because they eventually used grains for a lot of food. Europeans brought animals like cattle, horses, chickens, pigs, and honeybees. Gave them new sources of food Incan and Aztec empires provided gold and silver to Spain making it extremely wealthy and the “treasure-house” of Europe Allowed Spain to dominate Europe for a long period of time Rich Europeans exploited poor Europeans, American Indians, and Africans in their societies for resources Elite Europeans cultivated sugar which gave them a lot of wealth, first grown in Brazil Mixed sugar with cacao creating chocolate Europeans realized Africans were partially immune to malaria and yellow-fever which attracted them to Africans for slavery From 1500-1650 Spanish ships brought 180 tons of gold and 16,000 tons of silver from mexico and bolivia back to spain Columbian exchange ended feudalism\ Peasants lived and worked on noble land in exchange for military protection Helped in the rise of capitalism The Great Dying Disease struck upon Americas because they did not have immunity to the germs Eradicated Arawak and Taino tribes on Hispaniola, about 300,000 people died Incan empire went from 9 million to half a million people from 1530-1630 Aztecs were also affected by the diseases and went from 40 million people around 1500 to 3 million in 1650 Germs spread to Pueblo peoples and Mississippian area European countries took advantage of this and conquered them. Enslaved Africans Considered one of the most lucrative “goods traded” Slavery was practiced in Europe, Americas, Africa, and other continents Slaves were mostly captives of war or people sold for killing or injuring allies Some legal rights Module 1.4 Encomienda System Men called encomenderos received land and unpaid labor from american indians on their land The system spread fast and conquistadors used the indians to find gold, silver, and other materials to increase wealth Malintzin Witnessed invasion of mainland causing her perspective on the world to change Lived between Mexica and Yucatan Peninsula Raised in noble household Fluent in Nahuatl, which is the language of Mexica In 1515 or 1516 when she was 8-12 years old, she was taken or given to Mexica merchants, possibly as a peace offering against military attacks Entered a slave trade where she would pick cotton out east or work in a household Learned Mayan language Maya pushed Spain out of Mayan territory, but when they came back the Mayans were defeated and offered good such as gold, food, slaves Those slaves included Malintzin Baptized, given a christian name and assigned to a man named Doña Marina, the highest ranking noble in his group Malintzin learned spanish and became a chief translator Malintzin followed Cortes on his journey along the coasts of South America Disease helped Spaniards keep Aztecs in check Encomenderos grew a lot of Spaniards conquered Mexica Cortes Lead efforts to conquer Aztecs, Maya, and to improve trade along coast of South America Caused encomenderos to grow exponentially His victory against Mexica spread quickly and people became very wealthy because of it Francisco Pizarro Conquered Incan Empire Helped by disease and societies controlled by Incas In 1535 Spain controlled the densely populated areas of South America which gave them many minerals Caste System Categorized people by the degree of their racial ancestry Shaped western societies Indicated how much labor or tax they owed Considered qualities such as wealth, education, and race Order of Caste Born is Spain - peninsulares Born from spanish parents - criollos Spanish + American Indian - Mestizos Spanish + African - Mulattos American Indians - indios Bartolomé de Las Casas Defended Indians rights Fromer conquistador Defended them with religious context, calling their souls “lost to god” Suggested that they enslave Africans instead Juan Gines de Sepulveda Catholic theologian Positioned in royal court Against las casas Never experienced america, heard they were cannibals and barbaric Lost his press against Las Casas Mission System Spanish authorities decided missionaries should direct new settlements instead of soldiers These missionaries would go to societies and convert them to Catholicism and learn their languages and name their settlements While in contact with Pueblo peoples they learned their language and named their pace New Mexico and converted 20,000 people to Catholicism Many would keep prior beliefs Missionaries would make efforts to eradicate prior beliefs and convert everyone to Catholicism They would destroy religious artifacts flogging ceremonial leaders Pueblo peoples would still perform rituals in secret The textbook shares similar phrasing with the primary source and embodies what Las Casas beliefs are mentioned to be. The primary source mentions, “They are by nature the most humble, patient, and peaceable, holding no grudges, free from embroilments, neither excitable nor quarrelsome” which compliments what the book is saying Las Casas said while defending the American Indians. The Textbook also mentions how Las Casas brought faith into the equation mentioning how “the souls of those killed would be lost to God.” Which would help bring people together and persuade people to agree with Las Casas. Sepulveda has the opposite mindset and instead pursues the idea of making American Indians slaves. The textbook mentions that Sepulveda has never been to America and that he said “they are barbaric”, which is also mentioned in the primary source, even though he could not have experienced the Americans Indians behavior and society. He insults the Indians by calling them names such as “half-men”, even though he has not had time to develop a real opinion on the people when he has never been in contact with them.

INTO JAPANESE

8/20 モジュール 1.3 コロンビア交流 アフリカ、ヨーロッパ、アメリカの植物、動物、人々、アイデア、リソース、そして時には病気。大西洋に隣接する 4 つの大陸に多くの貿易を引き起こし、それらの大陸の環境に影響を与えました。アメリカはヨーロッパ人にトウモロコシ、トマト、ジャガイモなどの栄養豊富な食べ物を提供しました。

BACK INTO ENGLISH

8/20 Module 1.3 Colombian Exchange Plants, animals, people, ideas, resources and sometimes diseases of Africa, Europe and America. It caused a lot of trade in the four continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean and affected the environment of those continents. America to Europeans

INTO JAPANESE

8/20 モジュール 1.3 コロンビア交流 アフリカ、ヨーロッパ、アメリカの植物、動物、人々、アイデア、資源、そして時には病気。それは大西洋に接する 4 つの大陸で多くの貿易を引き起こし、それらの大陸の環境に影響を与えました。アメリカからヨーロッパ人へ

BACK INTO ENGLISH

8/20 Module 1.3 Colombian Exchange Plants, animals, people, ideas, resources and sometimes diseases of Africa, Europe and America. It caused a great deal of trade on the four continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean and affected the environments of those continents. American to European

INTO JAPANESE

8/20 モジュール 1.3 コロンビア交流 アフリカ、ヨーロッパ、アメリカの植物、動物、人々、アイデア、資源、そして時には病気。それは大西洋に接する 4 つの大陸で多大な貿易を引き起こし、それらの大陸の環境に影響を与えました。アメリカ人からヨーロッパ人へ

BACK INTO ENGLISH

8/20 Module 1.3 Colombian Exchange Plants, animals, people, ideas, resources and sometimes diseases of Africa, Europe and America. It caused a great deal of trade on the four continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean and affected the environment of those continents. American to European

INTO JAPANESE

8/20 モジュール 1.3 コロンビア交流 アフリカ、ヨーロッパ、アメリカの植物、動物、人々、アイデア、資源、そして時には病気。それは大西洋に接する 4 つの大陸で多大な貿易を引き起こし、それらの大陸の環境に影響を与えました。アメリカ人からヨーロッパ人へ

BACK INTO ENGLISH

8/20 Module 1.3 Colombian Exchange Plants, animals, people, ideas, resources and sometimes diseases of Africa, Europe and America. It caused a great deal of trade in the four continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean and affected the environment of those continents. American to European

INTO JAPANESE

8/20 モジュール 1.3 コロンビア交流 アフリカ、ヨーロッパ、アメリカの植物、動物、人々、アイデア、資源、そして時には病気。それは大西洋に接する 4 つの大陸で多大な貿易を引き起こし、それらの大陸の環境に影響を与えました。アメリカ人からヨーロッパ人へ

BACK INTO ENGLISH

8/20 Module 1.3 Colombian Exchange Plants, animals, people, ideas, resources and sometimes diseases of Africa, Europe and America. It caused a great deal of trade in the four continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean and affected the environment of those continents. American to European